Pengam is a village located in the Rhymney Valley in South Wales. It is situated within the county borough of Caerphilly, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east of Bargoed and 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Blackwood.
Historically, Pengam's development was closely tied to the expansion of coal mining in the South Wales Coalfield during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The proximity of collieries, such as the Britannia Colliery in the neighbouring village of New Tredegar, led to a substantial increase in population and the establishment of housing and infrastructure to support the mining workforce. The village's layout and many of its older buildings reflect this industrial heritage.
The village is served by Pengam railway station, which lies on the Rhymney Line and provides regular train services north to Rhymney and south to Cardiff Central. Road access is primarily via the A469, which runs through the Rhymney Valley.
Following the widespread decline of the coal industry in the latter half of the 20th century, Pengam, like many other former mining communities in the region, transitioned from an industrial centre to primarily a residential area. Its economy is now largely dependent on residents commuting to larger towns and cities for employment, though it maintains a strong local community identity.