Definition
The Pelew flying fox (Pteropus pelewensis), also known as the Palau flying fox, is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae that is endemic to the islands of Palau in the western Pacific Ocean.
Overview
The Pelew flying fox inhabits tropical and subtropical forested areas, including primary rainforest, secondary growth, and mangroves, across the main islands of Palau. It is primarily frugivorous, feeding on a variety of native and cultivated fruits, and plays an important role in seed dispersal within its ecosystem. The species is diurnal and roosts in large colonies in trees, cliffs, and occasionally in human structures. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Pelew flying fox is classified as Vulnerable, with threats including habitat loss, hunting for bushmeat, and disturbance of roost sites.
Etymology / Origin
The common name “Pelew” derives from an older European spelling of “Palau,” the archipelago where the species occurs. The scientific name Pteropus pelewensis combines the genus name Pteropus—from Greek pteron “wing” and pous “foot”—with the specific epithet pelewensis, meaning “of Pelew (Palau).” The species was first described by American zoologist Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. in 1902.
Characteristics
- Taxonomy: Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Class Mammalia; Order Chiroptera; Family Pteropodidae; Genus Pteropus; Species P. pelewensis.
- Physical description: Adults have a wingspan of approximately 1.0–1.2 m (3.3–3.9 ft) and a body length of 180–210 mm. Fur is generally dark brown to black on the dorsal surface, with lighter brown or grayish ventral coloration. The head features a short, broad snout, and the ears are relatively small and inconspicuous.
- Reproduction: Breeding is seasonal, coinciding with the peak fruiting period of local trees. Females typically give birth to a single offspring after a gestation period of about 5–6 months.
- Diet: Primarily fruit, including figs (Ficus spp.), mango (Mangifera indica), and banana (Musa spp.). Occasionally consumes nectar and flower parts.
- Behavior: Roosts communally; individuals exhibit strong social cohesion and vocalizations for colony coordination. Flight is generally slow and maneuverable, suited for navigating dense forest canopies.
- Conservation status: Listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to an estimated population decline of 20–30% over the past three generations, primarily from habitat degradation and hunting pressure.
Related Topics
- Other Pteropus species (e.g., Pteropus hypomelanus – the island flying fox)
- Palau’s biodiversity and endemic fauna
- Seed dispersal mechanisms by frugivorous bats
- Conservation efforts for Pacific island megabats
- Impacts of human activity on flying fox populations.