The Old Bailey is the common name for the Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, located in London. It serves as a Crown Court and is responsible for hearing major criminal cases within the Greater London area and, in certain instances, from other parts of the United Kingdom.
The court is situated on a street of the same name, which follows the line of the City of London’s ancient fortified wall, or "bailey." The facility occupies the former site of Newgate Prison, a historic correctional institution that operated from the 12th century until its demolition in 1902. The current building, a Grade II* listed structure designed by architect Edward William Mountford, was completed in 1907 and officially opened by King Edward VII. The building underwent significant reconstruction and expansion following damage sustained during the Blitz in World War II.
Architecturally, the building is noted for its Neo-Baroque style and a large dome topped by a 12-foot bronze statue of Lady Justice. The statue holds the traditional scales and sword but is distinct for being depicted without a blindfold.
As a center for the administration of justice, the Old Bailey holds a unique position within the British legal system. Although it functions as a national Crown Court, the building itself is owned and maintained by the City of London Corporation. Trials are presided over by a variety of judicial officers, including High Court judges, circuit judges, and recorders. Specifically, the Recorder of London and the Common Serjeant are senior judicial officers of the City who traditionally sit at the Old Bailey. The court remains one of the most prominent venues for high-profile criminal trials in the United Kingdom.