Definition
The Monarchiens (French: les Monarchiens) were a moderate political faction during the early phase of the French Revolution (1789–1792) that advocated the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, seeking to balance monarchical authority with the principles of popular sovereignty.
Overview
The group emerged in the National Constituent Assembly and later the Legislative Assembly as the Revolution moved from radical popular agitation to the drafting of a new constitutional framework. Monarchiens supported the Constitution of 1791, which transformed France into a constitutional monarchy with a limited royal prerogative and a legislative body elected by active citizens. Their influence peaked in 1790–1791, after which the faction fragmented and many of its members either joined the more conservative Feuillist club or withdrew from politics as radical republican sentiment grew.
Etymology / Origin
The name derives from the French word monarchie (“monarchy”). The suffix –iens forms a collective noun, indicating “those who favour the monarchy.” The term was applied by opponents, particularly Jacobins, to label those who opposed the abolition of the monarchy.
Characteristics
- Political stance: Moderate; advocated a constitutional monarchy rather than absolute monarchy or a republic.
- Key figures: Prominent members included Abbé Sieyès (initially), the marquis de Lafayette, Adrien Duport, and the abbé de la Caille.
- Policy goals: Support for a strong but limited executive, preservation of the king’s role in governance, endorsement of the 1791 Constitution, and opposition to radical measures such as the abolition of the nobility or the establishment of a republic.
- Alliances and opposition: Aligned with other moderate elements like the Feuillists after 1791, and opposed by Jacobins, Cordeliers, and later the Montagnards.
- Decline: The rise of republican sentiment after the flight to Varennes (June 1791) and the increasing radicalization of the Revolution reduced Monarchiens’ relevance. By 1792, many former Monarchiens had either left politics or joined other political clubs.
Related Topics
- French Revolution (1789–1799)
- Constitution of 1791
- Feuillist Club
- Jacobin Club
- Girondins
- Legislative Assembly (France)
- Constitutional monarchy
Note: The information presented is based on documented historical sources and widely accepted scholarship on the political factions of the French Revolution.