Malta Command was a British military command that existed during World War II, responsible for the defence of the strategically important island of Malta. As a crucial naval and air base in the Mediterranean Sea, Malta was vital for controlling Axis supply lines to North Africa.
The Command encompassed all British Army, Royal Navy, and Royal Air Force units stationed on the island. It was led by a Commander-in-Chief, Malta (C-in-C Malta), who reported directly to the Chiefs of Staff in London.
The primary role of Malta Command was to withstand Axis air and sea attacks, ensuring the island's continued operation as a forward base. This included maintaining airfields, naval facilities, and vital supply lines. Significant efforts were dedicated to developing underground shelters and fortifications to protect personnel and equipment from relentless bombing raids.
Key responsibilities of the Malta Command included:
- Air Defence: Protecting the island from Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica air attacks using fighter aircraft, anti-aircraft artillery, and radar.
- Naval Operations: Utilizing submarines and surface vessels based in Malta to disrupt Axis shipping routes.
- Land Defence: Garrisoning the island with infantry and artillery units to repel any potential seaborne invasion.
- Supply and Logistics: Managing the flow of vital supplies, including food, fuel, and ammunition, to the island despite the Axis blockade.
- Intelligence Gathering: Collecting and disseminating intelligence information regarding Axis activities in the Mediterranean.
The siege of Malta lasted from June 1940 to November 1942, during which the island endured intense bombing and severe shortages. Despite the hardships, Malta Command successfully defended the island, playing a significant role in the Allied victory in North Africa. The resilience and bravery shown by the Maltese people, alongside the dedication of the British forces, were critical to the Command's success. After the North African campaign concluded, Malta remained an important Allied base for the remainder of the war.