Liu Zhang (劉章), (died 177 BC), was a prince of the Han dynasty. He was a grandson of Emperor Gaozu, the founder of the Han dynasty, and a member of the powerful and influential Liu family. He was the Prince of Chengyang (城陽王).
Liu Zhang was the son of Liu Fei, Prince Da of Qi, the eldest son of Emperor Gaozu. After Liu Fei's death, the large and powerful fief of Qi was divided among his sons, and Liu Zhang received the principality of Chengyang.
During the reign of Empress Lü Zhi, the powerful widow of Emperor Gaozu, Liu Zhang played a key role in suppressing the Lü Clan Disturbance (呂氏之亂) in 180 BC. Along with his younger brother Liu Xingju, Prince of Dongmou, he secretly plotted to overthrow the Lü clan's dominance. He cleverly feigned loyalty to the Empress Dowager Lü, gaining her trust.
When the opportunity arose, Liu Zhang launched a coordinated military action with his brother. He successfully seized control of the imperial guards and played a pivotal role in the execution of key members of the Lü clan, effectively ending their attempt to usurp power from the Liu imperial house.
His actions in suppressing the Lü clan were instrumental in restoring the Liu family's control over the Han dynasty. Following the eradication of the Lü clan, the court debated who should become the next emperor. Liu Zhang was considered a strong contender due to his lineage and his significant role in the suppression. However, the ministers ultimately chose Liu Heng, Prince of Dai, (later Emperor Wen), due to his perceived humility and potential for good governance.
Despite not becoming emperor, Liu Zhang was greatly honored for his contributions. He continued to rule as Prince of Chengyang until his death in 177 BC. His descendants continued to rule Chengyang, and his actions were remembered as crucial in preserving the Han dynasty.