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Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) – Revolt of the Seventeen Provinces against Spanish rule; the United Provinces declared independence in 1581 and fought until the Peace of Münster in 1648.
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Dutch–Portuguese War (1602–1663) – Series of maritime and colonial conflicts between the Dutch Republic (primarily the Dutch East India Company) and Portugal over trade dominance in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
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First Anglo‑Dutch War (1652–1654) – Naval war fought primarily in the North Sea and the English Channel, part of the wider competition for maritime trade.
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Second Anglo‑Dutch War (1665–1667) – Conflict over trade and colonial rivalry; concluded with the Treaty of Breda.
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Third Anglo‑Dutch War (1672–1674) – Also known as the “Rampjaar” (Disaster Year) in the Dutch Republic; ended with the Treaty of Westminster.
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Franco‑Dutch War (1672–1678) – War in which France, allied with England, invaded the Dutch Republic; the Republic survived after forming the Grand Alliance.
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Nine Years' War (War of the Grand Alliance) (1688–1697) – The Dutch Republic joined the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV of France; major battles fought in the Low Countries and elsewhere.
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War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) – The United Provinces participated on the side of the Grand Alliance opposing French and Spanish claims.
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War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720) – The Dutch Republic was a member of the alliance that opposed Spain’s attempts to regain former territories.
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War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) – The Dutch Republic entered the conflict in 1747, supporting Austria against Prussia and its allies.
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Fourth Anglo‑Dutch War (1780–1784) – Naval war triggered by Dutch trade with the American colonies and the British blockade; ended with the Treaty of Paris (1784).
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War of the First Coalition (1792–1797) – The Dutch Republic initially remained neutral but was drawn into the coalition against Revolutionary France; the war ended with the French invasion and the establishment of the Batavian Republic in 1795.
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