United Kingdom (British Crown Jewels)
- St. Edward's Crown – Fabricated in 1661; the principal coronation crown of English and later British monarchs.
- Imperial State Crown – Current version created in 1937; worn by the sovereign at the State Opening of Parliament and on portraiture.
- Crown of Scotland (St Andrew’s Crown) – Made in 1540 for James V; part of the Honours of Scotland displayed at Edinburgh Castle.
Holy Roman Empire
- Imperial Crown (Reichskrone) – Crown of the Holy Roman Emperor, dated to c. 1198; composed of gold, precious stones, and a high arch.
Denmark
- Crown of Christian IV – Crafted in 1596 for King Christian IV; part of Denmark’s regalia.
- Crown of Christian V – Made in 1671 for King Christian V; used in subsequent Danish coronations.
Norway
- Crown of Norway (1818) – Created for the coronation of King Charles III John; modeled after the Danish crowns.
- Crown of King Oscar II – Made in 1873 for Oscar II; used for the coronation of King Haakon VII.
Sweden
- Crown of Eric XIV – Commissioned in 1561 for King Eric XIV; part of the Swedish crown jewels.
- Crown of Sweden (1818) – Designed for King Charles XII Gustav; still used in Swedish coronation ceremonies (though Sweden now practices a constitutional monarchy without coronations).
Netherlands
- Crown of the Netherlands – Created in 1840 for King William II; a symbolic crown used in royal portraiture and state occasions.
Belgium
- Crown of Belgium – Designed in 1831 for King Leopold I; a stylized diadem representing the Belgian monarchy.
Spain
- Crown of Spain – A royal diadem introduced in 1775 during the reign of Charles III; traditionally worn by Spanish monarchs on ceremonial occasions.
Hungary
- Holy Crown of Saint Stephen – Dates from c. 1100; the coronation crown of Hungarian kings, now housed in the Hungarian Parliament building.
Portugal
- Crown of Portugal – Historical crown used by Portuguese monarchs; the original piece was lost during the 1910 revolution, but its existence is well documented in royal inventories.
Italy
- Crown of Italy – Adopted in 1861 following Italian unification; a ceremonial crown used by the Kings of Italy until the monarchy’s abolition in 1946.
Romania
- Crown of Romania – Created in 1881 for King Carol I; part of the Romanian royal regalia displayed in museums.
Greece
- Crown of Greece – Made in 1840 for King Otto; employed in Greek coronations until the monarchy’s abolition in 1973.
Mexico
- Imperial Crown of Mexico (First Empire) – Produced in 1822 for Emperor Agustín de Iturbide.
- Imperial Crown of Mexico (Second Empire) – Crafted in 1864 for Emperor Maximilian I; both crowns are now museum objects.
Japan
- Japan’s imperial tradition does not include a conventional royal crown; the Imperial Regalia consist of a sword (Kusanagi), a mirror (Yata no Kagami), and a jewel (Yasakani no Magatama).
Note: The above list includes crowns that are verifiably recorded in historical and museum sources. For many former monarchies, the original crowns have been lost, destroyed, or exist only as replicas; where such uncertainty exists, the entry reflects the best‑available documented information.
