The surname Key is of multiple origins, found primarily in English-speaking countries. It can be topographic, occupational, or derived from a personal name.
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Topographic Origin: In some instances, Key derives from residence near a quay or wharf. The Old English word cæg or cæge denoted a wharf or landing place. This is the most common origin.
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Occupational Origin: The name may also stem from the Middle English word "key" or "kaye," referring to someone who made or carried keys, possibly a jailer or locksmith.
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Personal Name Origin: Key can also be a shortened form of several given names. One possibility is the Welsh name Cai or Kai, possibly related to the Roman given name Gaius. It may also be a diminutive of names containing "Kay" or "Kee."
The surname is found earliest in records from England, particularly during the medieval period. Spelling variations exist, including Kaye, Kay, and Keys.