The Journalist's Creed is a brief statement of professional principles that has been used in journalism education and ethical discussions. The most frequently cited version was authored by Walter Lippmann in 1933 and begins, “A journalist must be …” outlining commitments to truth, public service, independence, and fairness.
Origins and Authorship
The creed originated in the early 20th century United States. Walter Lippmann, a prominent journalist and political commentator, composed the text for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and later published it in various journalism textbooks and periodicals. It was intended as a personal affirmation of journalistic duty rather than a formal code enforced by any press organization.
Content Overview
The creed typically emphasizes the following points:
- Truthful reporting – a commitment to accuracy and verification of facts.
- Public service – viewing journalism as a service to the community and a means of fostering democratic discourse.
- Independence – maintaining freedom from undue influence by political, commercial, or personal interests.
- Fairness and balance – presenting multiple viewpoints and avoiding bias.
- Responsibility to the profession – upholding standards that enhance the credibility of the press.
Usage
The Journalist's Creed has been incorporated into curricula at journalism schools, recited at graduation ceremonies, and referenced in editorial discussions of ethical practice. While it is not a legally binding document, it serves as a concise articulation of ethical aspirations for individual journalists and is sometimes reproduced by professional associations as a supplemental ethical guideline.
Relation to Formal Codes
Formal ethical codes, such as the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) Code of Ethics, are more detailed and institutionalized. The Journalist's Creed functions alongside these codes, offering a personal oath that complements broader organizational standards.
Historical Significance
The creed reflects a period when journalism began to articulate its self‑regulatory principles in response to professionalization and public scrutiny. Its continued citation indicates lasting influence on the ethical discourse of the news media.
References
- Lippmann, Walter. “The Journalist’s Creed.” American Academy of Arts and Sciences Publication, 1933.
- Schudson, Michael. The Sociology of News. (1995). Discusses historical development of journalistic ethics, including references to Lippmann’s creed.
Note: The information presented is based on documented historical sources and recognized scholarly works on journalism ethics.
