Jaenicke is a German surname. Notable individuals with this surname include:
- Lothar Jaenicke (1923–2015), a distinguished German biochemist. He made significant contributions to the fields of intermediary metabolism, particularly focusing on the biochemistry of folic acid and vitamin B12. His research also encompassed the study of pheromones and mechanisms of cell differentiation. Jaenicke served as a professor at the University of Cologne, where he conducted much of his influential work.
- Walther Jaenicke (1913–1994), a German physical chemist. His academic and research career centered on electrochemistry, with a particular emphasis on the kinetics of electrode processes. He held a professorship at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
- Rainer Jaenicke (born 1930), a German biophysicist. His work is primarily known for contributions to the understanding of protein folding, stability, and aggregation, particularly concerning the refolding of denatured proteins. He was a professor at the University of Regensburg.