Heteroscodra is a genus of Old World tarantulas belonging to the family Theraphosidae. Commonly known as "Ornamental Baboon Spiders" or "Togo Starburst Baboon Spiders," species within this genus are highly sought after in the exotic pet trade due to their striking patterns, but are also known for their speed, defensive nature, and potent venom.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Arachnida
- Order: Araneae
- Family: Theraphosidae
- Subfamily: Stromatopelminae
- Genus: Heteroscodra Pocock, 1899
The genus Heteroscodra is part of the Stromatopelminae subfamily, which groups together arboreal (tree-dwelling) tarantulas primarily from Africa known for their rapid movement and defensive behavior.
Species
As of current understanding, the genus Heteroscodra includes several recognized species, though taxonomic revisions are ongoing in the field of arachnology. Some of the most well-known species include:
- Heteroscodra maculata (Pocock, 1899) – Often referred to as the "Togo Starburst Baboon Spider" or "Ornamental Baboon Spider."
- Heteroscodra crassipes (Pocock, 1899)
- Heteroscodra robusta (Strand, 1908)
Distribution and Habitat
Species of Heteroscodra are native to West and Central Africa. Their natural habitat consists primarily of tropical and subtropical forests, where they are found living arboreally. They typically reside in tree hollows, bark crevices, or amongst dense foliage, utilizing these spaces for shelter and ambush hunting.
Characteristics
- Arboreal Nature: Heteroscodra species are predominantly arboreal, meaning they spend most of their lives in trees. Their body structure, including their relatively slender build and powerful leg musculature, is adapted for climbing and moving quickly across vertical surfaces.
- Appearance: They are famous for their intricate and often contrasting patterns, which give rise to common names like "Starburst." H. maculata, for instance, exhibits a distinctive cream to grey base color with dark, irregular blotches or "starburst" patterns across its carapace and abdomen.
- Size: Adults typically reach a leg span of 4-6 inches (10-15 cm).
- Temperament: These tarantulas are notoriously fast, defensive, and possess a strong venom. Unlike many New World tarantulas, they do not possess urticating hairs for defense and will instead opt to bite when threatened.
- Venom: While not considered lethal to humans, their venom can cause significant pain, muscle cramps, swelling, and other systemic effects that can last for several days. Due to this, they are generally recommended only for experienced keepers in the hobby.
Behavior
Heteroscodra species are ambush predators, waiting patiently for prey to pass by their retreats. They are primarily nocturnal, becoming more active during the night to hunt insects, small lizards, and other invertebrates. Their quick reflexes and potent venom allow them to subdue prey efficiently. When disturbed, they are quick to flee or adopt a defensive posture, often rearing up and striking with impressive speed.
In Captivity
Heteroscodra species, particularly H. maculata, are popular in the tarantula hobby. However, their speed, defensive nature, and medically significant venom mean they are not suitable for beginners. Keepers must provide a secure, escape-proof arboreal enclosure with plenty of climbing opportunities and adequate ventilation. Handling is strongly discouraged due to the risk of bites.