Henwen is a mythical sow (pig) featured in Welsh mythology, most notably in the tale of "Culhwch and Olwen," which is part of the Mabinogion. She is depicted as a powerful and destructive creature whose pursuit forms a significant part of the narrative.
Etymology
The name "Henwen" is derived from Welsh. "Hen" means "old," and "Gwen" means "white," "fair," or "blessed/holy." Thus, her name can be interpreted as "Old White Sow" or "Old Holy Sow."
Mythological Role
In "Culhwch and Olwen," Henwen is described as the sow of Coll, son of Collfrewr, the chief swineherd of Dalriada. She is prophesied to farrow (give birth to) a litter that will bring about great destruction. To prevent this, Coll attempts to drown her in the sea. However, Henwen escapes and flees across the Irish Sea to Wales, landing at Aber Deu Gleddyf in Dyfed.
Her presence in Wales causes immense devastation. She lays waste to the lands and consumes all the crops she encounters. King Arthur, hearing of the destruction, dispatches his warriors throughout Britain to hunt her down and capture her. During her flight across Britain, Henwen gives birth to various magical creatures and objects at specific locations. These include:
- A wolf and an eagle at Aber Deu Gleddyf.
- A wildcat (later known as the Palug's Cat, a monstrous feline) at the Old Port of Holyhead (Porth Cleis).
- A whetstone (a magical sharpening stone) at the Gored Wynt ("Wind Weir") in Gwynedd.
- A fawn, a roebuck, and a trout at various other locations.
- Finally, a grain of wheat and a bee.
The pursuit of Henwen is a long and arduous task for Arthur's men, showcasing the vastness of his kingdom and the capabilities of his heroes. The quest for Henwen and her offspring is one of the many impossible tasks (or anoethau) that Culhwch must complete to win the hand of Olwen. Her story highlights themes of prophecy, destruction, and the interconnectedness of the magical elements within the Welsh mythological landscape.