Haedong Yonggungsa is a Buddhist temple located on the coast of Gijang-gun, Busan, South Korea. It is unique among Korean temples for its seaside location, as most Korean temples are traditionally situated in the mountains. The name "Haedong Yonggungsa" literally means "Korean Dragon Palace Temple," reflecting its close association with the sea and the mythical dragon.
History
The temple was first established in 1376 by the monk Naong Hyegeun during the Goryeo Dynasty, then known as Bomunsa. Legend states that Naong Hyegeun had a dream of the Dragon King and the Goddess of Mercy appearing in the sky and making a wish that the temple be built by the sea to bring peace and prosperity to the nation and its people. The temple was subsequently destroyed by fire during the Japanese invasions of Korea (Imjin War, 1592-1598) and rebuilt in the early 17th century. It was later extensively renovated and given its current name in 1970 by the monk Jeong-am, who wished to invoke the legend of the Goddess of Mercy riding a dragon to bring peace and good fortune.Significance
Haedong Yonggungsa is dedicated to Gwanseum-bosal, the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy (Avalokiteshvara in Sanskrit), who is believed to live by the sea and ride a dragon. It is considered one of the three great Gwanseum-bosal temples in Korea, alongside Naksansa and Boriam. Its distinctive coastal setting offers a rare and picturesque view, attracting numerous pilgrims and tourists.Key Features
The temple complex includes several notable features:- Daeungjeon (Main Hall): The main sanctuary, rebuilt and adorned with traditional Korean architectural elements.
- Haesu Gwanseum Daebul: A large granite statue of the Goddess of Mercy that stands on a cliff overlooking the ocean, representing a powerful symbol of compassion.
- Three-Story Pagoda with Four Lions: This pagoda is unique for its four lion statues, each said to represent joy, anger, sorrow, and happiness. It stands on a rock platform overlooking the sea.
- 108-Step Staircase: Visitors ascend and descend a staircase of 108 steps, a symbolic number in Buddhism representing the 108 defilements, or worldly desires, that are overcome on the path to enlightenment.
- Jonahan Cave: A small shrine within a natural cave, featuring a statue of the Jonahan, or hermit Buddha.
- Heukryongdan (Black Dragon Rock): A rock formation where prayers are offered for good fortune.
- Traffic Safety Prayer Tower: A unique tower dedicated to safe journeys, especially for drivers.
- Zodiac Animal Statues: Along the entrance path, there are statues representing the twelve zodiac animals.