Granville O. Haller (December 31, 1819 – May 2, 1897) was an American military officer who served for over three decades in the United States Army, participating in the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War. He is also remembered for his significant contributions to the development of Washington Territory, where he became a prominent businessman, judge, and community leader. His military career was marked by a controversial dismissal during the Civil War, followed by a later reinstatement and exoneration.
Early Life and Military Career
Born in York, Pennsylvania, Granville O. Haller graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1840. He began his military career as a second lieutenant in the 4th Infantry. His early service included assignments on the American frontier, notably participating in the Mexican-American War. Prior to the Civil War, Haller was stationed in the Pacific Northwest, serving at various posts in Washington Territory, including Fort Vancouver and Port Townsend. He was involved in early conflicts with Native American tribes in the region and gained a reputation as a competent officer.Civil War Dismissal and Reinstatement
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Haller was a major in the 7th Infantry. He served with distinction in the early campaigns, including the Gettysburg Campaign, where he commanded a brigade during the defense of Washington D.C. However, his military career took a controversial turn in 1863 when he was summarily dismissed from the army by President Abraham Lincoln. The dismissal, which occurred without a court-martial, was reportedly due to allegations of disloyalty, specifically his outspoken opposition to the Emancipation Proclamation and other Union policies, leading to suspicions of "Copperhead" sympathies.Haller vehemently denied the charges and spent years campaigning for his reinstatement and to clear his name. In 1879, after extensive efforts and lobbying, a special act of Congress reinstated him to his rank of colonel. He was subsequently retired with full pay and back pay. A later court of inquiry thoroughly reviewed his case and ultimately exonerated him of the charges of disloyalty.
Post-Military Life and Contributions to Washington Territory
Following his initial dismissal from the army in 1863, Haller relocated to Coupeville on Whidbey Island, Washington Territory. He embarked on a successful civilian career, becoming a leading figure in the region's development. He established himself as a prominent businessman, engaging in farming, milling, and shipping. His entrepreneurial ventures played a crucial role in the economic growth of Whidbey Island and the wider Puget Sound area.Haller also actively participated in local politics and public service. He served as a probate judge for Island County and contributed to numerous community initiatives. His home in Coupeville, known as the Haller House, is now a historic landmark, reflecting his enduring presence and influence in the area.