Born on October 6, 1782, in Eckersdorf, Bohemia (now Písečná, Czech Republic), Gebauer initially received his musical training in his native region before moving to Vienna around 1800. In Vienna, he quickly established himself as a prominent figure in the city's burgeoning musical scene.
Gebauer's most notable contributions include his role as a co-founder of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of Friends of Music) in 1812. This institution became central to Viennese musical culture, eventually establishing the Vienna Conservatory and the Musikverein. He served on its board and was deeply involved in its early development, helping to shape its artistic and educational mission.
In 1819, Gebauer founded and became the conductor of the Concerts Spirituels (Concerts of the Spirit) in Vienna. These influential concert series were instrumental in introducing both contemporary works and older masterpieces to the Viennese public, playing a crucial role in shaping musical tastes and providing performance opportunities. Under his direction, the Concerts Spirituels achieved a high level of artistic quality and public recognition, often presenting major works by composers such as Handel, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.
He was also a respected teacher and performer, known for his bassoon playing. Gebauer was personally acquainted with many leading composers of his time, including Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. He conducted several of Schubert's works and was a participant in the private musical gatherings (Schubertiaden) of the composer's circle, indicating his close ties to the Viennese musical community.
As a composer, Gebauer primarily focused on sacred music, including oratorios, masses, and other liturgical works, as well as some instrumental pieces. His compositions, while not as widely performed today, were well-regarded in his era for their craftsmanship and spiritual depth.
Franz Xaver Gebauer died in Vienna on December 13, 1862. His legacy lies in his substantial organizational efforts and his dedication to promoting musical education and performance, which significantly enriched Viennese musical life during a period of great artistic ferment.