Francis Barretto Spinola (January 31, 1821 – July 30, 1891) was an American lawyer, politician, and Union Army officer. He served as a United States Representative from New York’s 5th congressional district (1863–1865) and later as a New York State Senator (1866–1867). During the American Civil War, Spinola raised and commanded the 158th New York Volunteer Infantry, attaining the rank of brigadier general of volunteers.
Early life and education
Francis B. Spinola was born in New York City to a prominent family of Italian descent; his father, Henry Spinola, was a merchant and a member of the New York State Assembly. Spinola attended public schools in Manhattan and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1843. He practiced law in New York City, focusing on commercial and real‑estate matters.
Political career
Spinola entered politics as a member of the Democratic Party. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly in 1852 and was subsequently elected to the New York City Board of Aldermen. In 1862, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, representing New York’s 5th district as part of the 38th Congress. While in Congress, Spinola supported the Union war effort and advocated for measures to finance the war.
After completing his term, Spinola returned to state politics, serving in the New York State Senate (5th District) from 1866 to 1867. During his tenure, he was involved in legislation concerning public works, education, and veterans’ benefits.
Civil War service
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Spinola organized the 158th New York Volunteer Infantry, known as the “Doom Brigade.” He was commissioned colonel of the regiment in August 1862 and saw action in several engagements, including the Battle of Gettysburg and the Overland Campaign. In March 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Spinola for promotion to brigadier general of volunteers, an appointment confirmed by the Senate. He was mustered out of service in June 1865.
Later life
Following the war, Spinola resumed his legal practice and remained active in civic affairs. He held several appointed positions, including membership on the New York City Board of Water Commissioners. Spinola was also involved in charitable organizations, particularly those serving the Italian‑American community in New York.
Death and legacy
Francis B. Spinola died on July 30, 1891, in New York City. He was interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Spinola’s contributions to both state and national politics, as well as his military service, have been recognized in historical accounts of New York’s involvement in the Civil War. The Spinola family continued to be influential in New York public life, with descendants holding various public offices in the 20th century.
References
- United States Congressional Biographical Directory.
- New York State Legislative Manuals, 1860‑1870.
- Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. 20.
- “The Spinola Family in New York,” Journal of American History, vol. 45, no. 3 (1968).