Feline corneal sequestrum is a clinical condition characterized by the development of a localized area of necrotic corneal stroma in domestic cats. It manifests as a pigmented plaque, typically ranging in color from amber to black, situated on the surface of the cornea.
The exact pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestrum is not fully established, though several predisposing factors are recognized in veterinary medicine. Chronic corneal irritation or trauma, often resulting from conditions such as entropion (inward rolling of the eyelids) or trichiasis, is frequently associated with its development. There is a documented breed predisposition among brachycephalic cats, specifically Persians, Himalayans, and Burmese. Additionally, feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection is frequently identified as a contributing factor in the localized stromal necrosis.
Clinical signs include blepharospasm (squinting), epiphora (excessive tearing), and the visible presence of a dark, opaque lesion on the cornea. The sequestrum acts as a foreign body, causing discomfort and potentially leading to secondary bacterial keratitis or corneal ulceration.
Treatment options vary depending on the depth of the sequestrum and the degree of ocular discomfort. Medical management may involve topical lubricants and antibiotics to address secondary infections and promote comfort. Surgical intervention, primarily through superficial keratectomy to remove the necrotic tissue, is often indicated to resolve the condition and prevent further complications. Following excision, procedures such as conjunctival flaps or corneal-scleral transpositions may be utilized to provide structural support and facilitate corneal healing.
