Definition Exsultate, jubilate (K. 165) is a motet composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1773. It is a sacred vocal work for soprano soloist and orchestra, consisting of three movements and a concluding "Alleluia."
Overview Composed when Mozart was 17 years old, Exsultate, jubilate was written during his stay in Milan and premiered on January 17, 1773, at the Theatine Church in Milan. The motet was composed for the castrato Venanzio Rauzzini, who performed the premiere. It was originally scored for soprano, strings, organ, and basso continuo. While castrati were common in sacred music of the 18th century, the work is now frequently performed by female sopranos or countertenors.
The motet consists of four parts: the recitative "Exsultate, jubilate," the aria "Fulget amica dies," the slow reflective aria "Tu virginum corona," and the final, technically demanding "Alleluia," which remains one of the most celebrated movements in the soprano repertoire.
Etymology/Origin The title "Exsultate, jubilate" is Latin for "Rejoice and sing," derived from liturgical language. The text is a liturgical motet in praise of the Virgin Mary and was likely intended for use in a religious celebration. While the full text is not taken directly from scripture, it reflects traditional Latin ecclesiastical phrasing.
Characteristics Exsultate, jubilate is written in the key of C major, a key often associated with clarity and brilliance in the Classical period. The composition demonstrates Mozart's early mastery of melody, counterpoint, and expressive vocal writing. The "Alleluia" movement is particularly noted for its ornamental passages, requiring considerable vocal agility and control.
The work's structure is as follows:
- Exsultate, jubilate (recitative and brief chorus-like invocation)
- Fulget amica dies (aria in da capo form)
- Tu virginum corona (slow, lyrical aria in A-flat major)
- Alleluia (fast, virtuosic rondo in C major)
Related Topics
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Sacred music in the Classical era
- Castrato singers
- Motet (music)
- Liturgical Latin texts
- Concert arias and solo sacred works
Exsultate, jubilate remains a staple of the soprano concert repertoire and is frequently recorded and performed in both concert and liturgical settings.