Esther Orozco (born María Esther Orozco Orozco; April 25, 1945) is a prominent Mexican biologist, researcher, and academic specialized in the field of molecular biology. She is recognized for her extensive research on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity in Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis.
Academic and Professional Background Orozco earned her undergraduate degree in chemistry, biology, and parasitology from the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. She subsequently obtained her master’s and doctorate degrees from the Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN) in Mexico City. She is an emeritus researcher at CINVESTAV and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) at the highest level (Level III).
Scientific Contributions Her primary scientific work focuses on identifying the genes and proteins involved in the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica. Her research group was instrumental in describing the molecular basis of the parasite's adhesion to host cells and the mechanisms it uses to destroy tissues. This work has contributed to the broader understanding of host-parasite interactions and the development of potential therapeutic targets.
Administrative and Public Roles Beyond her laboratory work, Orozco has held several high-level administrative positions in Mexican academia and government.
- ICyTDF: She served as the founding director of the Institute of Science and Technology of the Federal District (now Mexico City).
- UACM: From 2010 to 2013, she served as the Rector of the Autonomous University of Mexico City.
- COVID-19 Response: In 2020, during the global pandemic, she was appointed by the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs to coordinate the country's efforts in international cooperation for the development of vaccines and treatments against COVID-19.
Recognition Orozco has received numerous national and international awards for her scientific achievements and contributions to public health. Notable honors include:
- The UNESCO-L'Oréal Award for Women in Science (2006), representing Latin America.
- The National Prize for Science and Arts (Mexico) in the area of Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences.
- A Guggenheim Fellowship.
- The "Miguel Otero" Prize for Clinical Research, awarded by the Mexican Secretariat of Health.
Her career is often cited as a significant example of scientific leadership in Mexico, particularly regarding the integration of molecular biology research with public health policy.