Diplodon chilensis is a species of freshwater mussel belonging to the family Hyriidae, within the order Unionida. It was first described by John Edward Gray in 1828 under the original name Unio chilensis.
Distribution and Habitat The species is native to southern South America, occurring in Chile and Argentina. In Chile, it is the most common and widespread freshwater mussel species, found from approximately 35°S to 46°S latitude. It inhabits both lentic (still water, e.g., lakes) and lotic (flowing water, e.g., rivers) environments, and can be found buried deep in sand and sediment.
Description Diplodon chilensis is the largest freshwater bivalve in Chile. Its shell is oblong, elongated, and rectangular in shape, with a displaced umbo. Coloration ranges from yellowish-brown to very dark (almost black). It measures approximately 10–15 mm in length and weighs around 3 grams. The species is dioecious (having separate sexes).
Ecology and Sensitivity The species is sensitive to water turbidity and phosphorus levels. Its diet consists of aquatic microorganisms such as plankton and algae. The filtering capacity of Diplodon chilensis has been proposed as a potential biocontrol method for eutrophication caused by salmon farming, as the mussel filters suspended particles and transfers pelagic material to the benthos through biodeposition.
Conservation Status The IUCN Red List classifies Diplodon chilensis as Least Concern (assessed in 2011).
