Cuthbert Baillie (died 1514) was a Scottish cleric and administrator who served as Lord High Treasurer of Scotland under King James IV.
According to one historical account, Baillie was a natural (illegitimate) son of Sir William Baillie of Lamington, a favourite of King James III, though there are conflicting claims that he was a descendant of the house of Carphin. His first ecclesiastical incumbency was at Thankerton. In official charters, he is recorded as Cuthbert Baillie, clericus (clerk). He became Commendator of Glenluce Abbey. A common but erroneous claim that he was rector of Cumnock appears to have arisen from confusion with another individual named Cuthbert of Dunbar.
Baillie is recorded as prebendary of Sanquhar in 1508 and 1511. He assumed the office of Lord High Treasurer of Scotland on 29 October 1512 and held the position until his death in 1514.
