Carl Rudolf Braun, Ritter von Fernwald (March 22, 1822 – April 18, 1891) was an Austrian obstetrician and gynecologist. He is recognized for his significant contributions to the field of obstetrics in the 19th century, particularly his advancements in teaching and surgical techniques.
Born in Zistersdorf, Austria, Braun studied medicine at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the renowned obstetrician Johann Lucas Boër. After completing his studies, he dedicated his career to obstetrics and gynecology.
In 1856, Braun was appointed professor of obstetrics at the University of Vienna and director of the Second University Women's Clinic. During his tenure, he played a crucial role in modernizing obstetric practices and education. He emphasized hygienic practices to reduce puerperal fever and improved surgical instruments and procedures.
Braun is perhaps best known for:
- Braun's cranioclast: An obstetric forceps designed for crushing the fetal head to facilitate delivery in cases of severe pelvic disproportion or hydrocephalus.
- Braun's syringe: A syringe used for intrauterine irrigation.
- Advancements in teaching: He developed innovative methods for obstetric instruction, including the use of phantoms and clinical demonstrations, making Vienna a leading center for obstetric education.
His published works include textbooks and articles that became standard references for obstetricians and students of his time. Braun's influence extended beyond Austria, shaping obstetric practices across Europe. He was ennobled as "Ritter von Fernwald" for his medical achievements and public service. He died in Vienna in 1891.