Buckingham is a former city located in the Outaouais region of western Quebec, Canada. Since January 1, 2002, it has been a sector of the city of Gatineau, following a province-wide municipal amalgamation. Buckingham is situated on the east bank of the Rivière du Lièvre, a tributary of the Ottawa River.
History
The area that would become Buckingham was first settled in the early 19th century. Its development was largely driven by the lucrative lumber industry, with the Rivière du Lièvre serving as a crucial route for floating timber down to the Ottawa River.
- 1823: The first significant European settlement began with the establishment of a lumber mill by the company McLaren and McGregor.
- 1840s: The village grew steadily around the timber trade.
- 1864: The municipality of Buckingham was officially incorporated as a village.
- Late 19th Century: Buckingham experienced a boom due to the discovery of phosphate and mica deposits in the surrounding region, making it a significant mining centre. Large industrial complexes, including phospherous and pulp and paper plants, were established. The presence of these industries attracted a diverse population and contributed to the town's economic prosperity.
- 1962: Buckingham achieved the status of a city.
Geography
Buckingham is located approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) northeast of downtown Ottawa, Ontario, and is part of the larger National Capital Region. The Rivière du Lièvre flows through the sector, defining some of its landscape and historically providing hydropower for its industries. The terrain in and around Buckingham consists of a mix of urbanized areas, agricultural land, and forests.
Amalgamation
On January 1, 2002, as part of the provincial municipal reorganization in Quebec, the City of Buckingham was merged with the cities of Hull, Gatineau, Aylmer, and Masson-Angers to form the new mega-city of Gatineau. Consequently, Buckingham ceased to exist as an independent municipality and became a distinct sector within the larger city. Despite the amalgamation, the name "Buckingham" remains in common usage to refer to the former city's territory and its associated community.
Present Day
Today, Buckingham functions as a vibrant community within Gatineau. It retains its distinct character and offers a mix of residential areas, local businesses, and services. Many residents commute to other parts of Gatineau or to Ottawa for work. The sector is characterized by its historical architecture and proximity to natural areas, offering recreational opportunities along the Rivière du Lièvre.