A bed sheet is a rectangular piece of cloth used as bedding, typically placed over a mattress. Its primary functions are to protect the mattress, provide a smooth and comfortable surface for sleeping, and contribute to hygiene by forming a barrier between the sleeper and the mattress. Bed sheets are generally made from a variety of natural and synthetic fibers, including cotton (such as percale, sateen, and flannel), linen, silk, polyester, and blends. The choice of material affects the sheet's texture, breathability, durability, and warmth.
Bed sheets commonly come in two main types:
- Fitted sheet: Also known as a bottom sheet, this sheet has elasticized corners or edges that allow it to fit snugly over the mattress, preventing it from slipping off during use.
- Flat sheet: Also known as a top sheet, this is a simple rectangular sheet that is placed above the fitted sheet and often between the sleeper and a blanket, duvet, or comforter. It provides an additional layer of warmth and can be easily washed, protecting the heavier bedding layers from direct contact with the sleeper.
Bed sheets are manufactured in various sizes to correspond with standard mattress dimensions, such as Twin, Full/Double, Queen, King, and California King. They are a common household item, designed for easy care, and are typically machine washable, with specific washing instructions varying based on the material. Historically, sheets were made from natural fibers and were often considered a luxury, but mass production has made them widely accessible and an essential component of modern bedding.