Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (23 September 1748 – 23 September 1748) was an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Hungary and Bohemia as the stillborn twelfth child and seventh daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, the reigning sovereign of the Habsburg Monarchy, and her husband Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Born in Vienna, the Archduchess was tragically stillborn on 23 September 1748. Her short existence is primarily noted within the context of the numerous pregnancies and extensive family of Maria Theresa, who gave birth to sixteen children over a period of nineteen years. Despite her brief life, she is recorded in historical records of the Austrian imperial family's lineage. Her stillbirth was one of several instances of infant mortality or stillbirth experienced by the imperial couple, which was not uncommon for the era. She was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna.