The 1937–38 Prima Divisione was the fourth tier of the Italian football league system during the 1937–38 season. At this stage in the history of Italian football, the Prima Divisione served as the highest level of regional competition, positioned below the three national tiers: Serie A, Serie B, and Serie C.
The competition was administered by the various regional committees (Direttori Regionali) of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC). Because the league was organized on a regional basis, its structure consisted of numerous geographical groups corresponding to Italy’s administrative regions. The number of participating teams and the specific tournament format—typically a round-robin system—varied according to the decisions of each regional board.
The primary sporting objective for clubs in the 1937–38 Prima Divisione was to earn promotion to Serie C. The league functioned as a transition point between local amateur football and the professional national leagues.
The nomenclature of the "Prima Divisione" changed significantly throughout the early 20th century. While it had previously designated the top flight of Italian football (1921–1926) and later the second and third tiers, the 1935 reorganization of the league system (which introduced Serie C) definitively placed the Prima Divisione as the fourth tier. Detailed records of the 1937–38 season, including specific group standings and match results, are primarily documented in specialized historical sports archives and publications such as the Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio.